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Reticular Formation Practice Questions
| These nuclei provide serotonergic input to brain and spinal cord associated with modulation of sensory input, consciousness? | Raphe nuclei |
| Which component of the reticular formation is the origin of the reticulospinal tracts some eye movement nuclei, reticular arousal system? | central nuclear group |
| This component of the reticular formation is involved in sensory/motor coordination, chewing and swallowing correlative, and some respiratory and cardiac control? | lateral parvocellular zone |
| Which functional component of the reticular formation receives highly integrated sensory information and cortical input? | precerebellar |
| Where do the raphe nuclei lie? | near the midline and extend from the medulla through the midbrain |
| General stimulation of these nuclei yields analgesia and sleepiness? | Raphe nuclei |
| What are the two basic divisions of raphe nuclei? | those that project caudally, and those that project rostrally |
| The medullary raphe nuclei include:? | nucleus raphes magnus, nucleus raphes pallidus, nucleus raphes obscuris |
| This nucleus of the reticular formation gives rise to the major projections to the spinal cord in the dorsal lateral funiculus which end in the dorsal horn? | nucleus raphe magnus |
| The pathway that appears to modulate endogenous analgesic mechanisms? | nucleus raphe magnus |
| The raphe nucleus are influenced by what that produces a long lasting inhibition of pain? | periaqueductal grey |
| The nucleus raphe magnus also projects via the blank to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus? | dorsal longitudinal fasciculus |
| The primary neurotransmitter associated with the nuclei of the raphe is what? | serotonin |
| This part of the reticular formation can be divided into nuclei that are related to motor activities and sensory related and general activation of both cortex and brainstem? | central nuclear group |
| What tract is formed from neurons in the caudal and oral pontine nuclei that descend primarily ipsilaterally via the medial ventral funiculus? | pontine reticulospinal tract |
| What tract is formed primarily in the gigantocellular nuclei and may mediate the generalized atonia seen during REM? | medullary reticulospinal tract (lateral reticulospinal tract) |
| The blank receives projections from superior colliculus and the frontal eye fields and influences horizontal and vertical eye movements? | PPRF (Paramedian Pontine Reticular formation) |
| This is a group of nuclei located in the caudal medulla(e.g.nucleus prepositus hypoglossi) that participates in eye movements in a complex manner such as fixation on a visual target? | perihypoglossal nuclei |
| What perihypoglossal nucleus is associated with fixation on a visual target? | nucleus prepositus hypoglossi |
| What acts as a chewing and swallowing correlative center? | the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis |
| An effective rostral extension of the parvocellular are is the blank complex? | parabrachial |
| The parabrachial nuclei are one of several nuclear groupsof the reticular formation that influence respiratory activity. T or F? | T |
| The blank respiratory group is a group of nuclei that extend from C1 to caudal pons and the rostral group is excitatory to phrenic and other inspiratory motor neurons and the caudal region is exitatory for expiratory neurons? | ventral respiratory |
| This group inhibits premotor neurons nad motor respiratory neurons during heir silent periods of the respiratory cycle? | Botzinger |
| This nucleus influences respiratory rhythm and is called the pneumotaxic center? | Kolliker-Fuse |
| The blank nucleus at the level of IX and X receives stretch receptors from the carotid sinus? | medial solitary nucleus |
| What catecholaminergic neuronal group acts as a central noradrenergic cardiovascular depressor center? | A-1 |
| What catecholaminergic neuronal group elicits cardiovascular pressor and depressor responses? | A5 |
| What catecholaminergic neuronal group plays an important role in the facilitation of spinal motor activity and is involved in sleep mechanisms? | A6 |
| What are the three divisions of precerebellar nuclei? | medullary paramedian reticular, reticulotegmental, lateral reticular nucleus |
| Which of the precerebellar nuclei receive information from the spinal cord? | medullary paramedian reticular nuclei |
| Which of the precerebellar nuclei receive afferents from the cortex? | reticulotegmental |
| Which of the precerebellar nuclei receive motor feedback from the intermediate spinal grey matter? | lateral reticular nucleus |
| Lesions of which of the reticular nuclear groups may lead to insomnia? | raphe nuclei |
| The raphe nuclei that project caudally have what target? | brainstem and spinal cord |
| Internuncial neurons of the periaqueductal grey contain what neurotransmitters which bind to receptor also capable of binding opiates? | enkephalins |
| The periaqueductal grey is under inhibition by what and may also be influenced directly or indirectly by amygdala? | hypothalamus |
| The nucleus raphe magnus also projects via the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus to what targets? | DMN of X, solitary tract, spinal trigeminal, and autonomic neurons |
| The nucleus raphe pallidus and nucleus raphe obscuris project to the spinal cord ventral horn via which funiculus? | ventral funiculus |
| What are the rostral raphe nuclei in the isthmus and midbrain levels? | nucleus raphes pontis, superior central nucleus, nucleus raphes dorsalis, and dorsal tegmental nucleus |
| What are the motor nuclei of the central nuclear group? | caudal pontine reticular nuclei, oral pontine reticular nuclei, and the gigantocellular nucleus |
| The pontine reticulospinal tract is formed from neurons where? | in the caudal and oral pontine reticular nuclei |
| What is the function of the pontine reticulospinal tract? | excitatory to extensors in upper limb and axial |
| The medullary reticulospinal tract originates in what neurons? | gigantocellular nuclei |
| What is the function of the medullary reticulospinal tract? | inhibitory to extensor spinal motor neurons and spinal reflex activity |
| Which tract originating in the central nuclear group may mediate the generalized atonia seen during REM sleep? | medullary reticulospinal tract |
| What are the accessory oculomotor nuclei and what type of eye movement are they associated with? | rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF and interstitial nucleus of Cajal, vertical eye movement |
| What nuclei appear to be responsible for generation of the respiratory rhythm? | Pre-Botzinger nuclei |
| What respiratory regulating nucleus integrates respiratory related sensory information and has contralateral influences on the phrenic nuclues and is considered an inspiratory cente? | dorsal respiratory nucleus |
| What catecholaminergic neuronal group acts as a central noradrenergic cardiovascular depressor center? | A1 |
| What catecholaminergic neuronal group elicits cardiovascular pressor and depressor responses including from A1? | A5 |
| What catecholaminergic neuronal group plays an important role in the facilitation of spinal motor activity and is involved in sleep mechanism? | locus coereleus |
| What catecholaminergic neuronal group projects to the IML and may participate in muscular atonia during sleep? | A7 |
| Which nucleus is associated with acetylcholine and involved in walking? | pedunculopontine |